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John Gregory Bourke

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gregory_Bourke


John Gregory Bourke (June 23, 1843 – June 8, 1896) was a captain in the United States Army and a prolific diarist and postbellum author; he wrote several books about the American Old West, includingethnologies of its indigenous peoples. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions while a cavalryman in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Based on his service during the war, his commander nominated him to West Point, where he graduated in 1869, leading to service as an Army officer until 1886.

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[edit]Biography

John G. Bourke was born in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, to Irish immigrant parents, Edward Joseph and Anna (Morton) Bourke. His early education was extensive and included Latin, Greek, and Gaelic. When the Civil War began, John Bourke was fourteen. At sixteen he ran away and lied about his age; claiming to be nineteen, he enlisted in theFifteenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, in which he served until July 1865. He received a Medal of Honorfor "gallantry in action" at the Battle of Stones River,Tennessee, in December 1862.[1] He later saw action at the Battle of Chickamauga.
His commander, Major General George H. Thomas, nominated Bourke for West Point. He was appointed cadet in the United States Military Academy on October 17, 1865. He graduated on June 15, 1869, and was assigned as a second lieutenant in the Third U.S. Cavalry. He served with his regiment at Fort Craig, New Mexico Territory, from September 29, 1869 to February 19, 1870.
He served as an aide to General George Crook in theApache Wars from 1870 to 1886. As Crook's aide, Bourke had the opportunity to witness every facet of life in the Old West—the battles, wildlife, the internal squabbling among the military, the Indian Agency, settlers, and Native Americans.

[edit]Work

Bourke kept a diary in sequential journals throughout his adult life, documenting his observations in the West. He used these notes as the basis for his later monographs and writings.
In 1881 Bourke was a guest of the Zuni Indians, where he allowed to attend the ceremony of a Newekwe priest. His report of this experience was published in 1888 as The use of human odure and human urine in rites of a religious or semi religious character among various nations.
While in Washington he was one of the board of the Anthropological Society.

[edit]Scatalogic Rites of All Nations

Several subsequent studies led in 1891 to the completion of his major work Scatalogic Rites of All Nations. A Dissertation upon the Employment of Excrementicious Reemdial Agents in Religion, Therapeutics, Divination, Witch-Craft, Love-Philters, etc. in all part of the Globe. This work was distributed only among selected specialists. A revised version by Friedrich S. Krauss was published postumously in 1913, with a preface by Viennese psychiatristSigmund Freud. Freud wrote:
He was recognized in his own time for his ethnological writings on various indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest, particularly Apachean groups.

[edit]Marriage and family

At the age of 40, Bourke married Mary F. Horbach ofOmaha, Nebraska, on July 25, 1883. They had three daughters together.
Bourke died in the Polyclinic Hospital in Philadelphia on June 8, 1896, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. His wife was buried with him after her death.

[edit]Writings

  • Mackenzie's Last Fight with the Cheyennes: A Winter Campaign in Wyoming and Montana. 1890.
  • Scatalogic Rites of All Nations. Washington, D.C.: Lowdermilk. 1891.
  • The Diaries of John Gregory Bourke: Vol. I - November 20, 1872, to July 28, 1876, Vol. II - July 29, 1876 to April 7, 1878, Vol. III - June 1, 1878 to June 22, 1880.

[edit]See also

Portal iconBiography portal
Portal iconUnited States Army portal
Portal iconAmerican Civil War portal

[edit]References

 This article incorporates public domain materialfrom websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.
  1. ^ "Medal of Honor recipients, Civil War (A-L)".United States Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
  • John Gregory Bourke by F. W. Hodge in theAmerican Anthropologist journal Vol. 9, No. 7 (July, 1896), pp. 245–248 accessed July 7, 2007.JSTOR 658692.

[edit]Further reading

  • Bell, William G. (1978). John Gregory Bourke: A Soldier-scientist of the Frontier. Washington: Potomac Corral, The Westerners.
  • Bourke, John G; & Condie, Carol J. (1980).Vocabulary of the Apache or 'Indé language of Arizona & New Mexico. Greeley, CO: Museum of Anthropology, University of Northern Colorado.
  • Porter, Joseph C. (1980). John Gregory Bourke: Biographical notes. Greeley, CO: University of Northern Colorado, Museum of Anthropology.

[edit]External links

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